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A silicone or polysiloxane is a polymer made up of siloxane (−R₂Si−O−SiR₂−, where R = organic group). They are typically colorless oils or rubber-like substances. Silicones are used in sealants, adhesives, lubricants, medicine, cooking utensils, thermal insulation, and electrical insulation. Some common forms include silicone oil, silicone grease, silicone rubber, silicone resin, and silicone caulk.^[1][2]

Stock and Somieski examined the hydrolysis of dichlorosilane, a reaction that was proposed to initially give the monomer H₂SiO:

When the hydrolysis is done by treating a solution of H₂SiCl₂ in benzene with water, and the product was determined to have the approximate formula [H₂SiO]₆. Higher polymers were proposed to form with time.^[3]

Most polysiloxanes feature organic substituents, e.g., [(CH₃)₂SiO]_n and [(C₆H₅)₂SiO)]_n. All polymerized siloxanes or polysiloxanes, silicones consist of an inorganic silicon–oxygen backbone chain (⋯−Si−O−Si−O−Si−O−⋯) with two groups attached to each silicon center. The materials can be cyclic or polymeric. By varying the −Si−O− chain lengths, side groups, and crosslinking, silicones can be synthesized with a wide variety of properties and compositions. They can vary in consistency from liquid to gel to rubber to hard plastic. The most common siloxane is linear polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), a silicone oil.^{[citation needed]} The second-largest group of silicone materials is based on silicone resins, which are formed by branched and cage-like oligosiloxanes.^{[citation needed]}

F. S. Kipping coined the word silicone in 1901 to describe the formula of polydiphenylsiloxane, Ph₂SiO (Ph denoting phenyl, C₆H₅), by analogy with the formula of the ketone benzophenone, Ph₂CO (his term was originally silicoketone). Kipping was well aware that polydiphenylsiloxane is polymeric^{[citation needed]} whereas benzophenone is monomeric and noted the contrasting properties of Ph₂SiO and Ph₂CO.^[4][5] The discovery of the structural differences between Kipping's molecules and the ketones means that silicone is no longer the correct term (though it remains in common usage) and that the term siloxane is preferred according to the nomenclature of modern chemistry.^[6]

Silicone is often confused with silicon, but they are distinct substances. Silicon is a chemical element, a hard dark-grey semiconducting metalloid, which in its crystalline form is used to make integrated circuits ("electronic chips") and solar cells. Silicones are compounds that contain silicon, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and perhaps other kinds of atoms as well, and have many very different physical and chemical properties.

coratex Reinigungs-Emulsion" (Cleaning Emulsion) is a specialized liquid purging compound for plastics processing machines (injection molding, extrusion, etc.) used for quick color/material changes, removing burnt polymer, and general maintenance, effectively cleaning screws, barrels, and dies by mixing with minimal plastic or using alone for polishing, saving time and material compared to granular purges...